Method and apparatus for treating liquids under vacuum



p 1950 c L PETERSON 2,520,957

METHOD AND' AFPARATUS FOR TREATING LIQUIDS UNDER VACUUM Filed Oct. 8, 1945 CLAREZVCE LWN PETERSON IN V EN TOR.

ATTORJVEI Pew Sept. 5, use

2,520,951 OFFICE METHOD AND arraaa'rus son rasarmo uoums UNnsa vacuum 0. Lynn Peterson, Salt Lake City,

to Peterson Filters and U assign Lake City, Utah, a partnership Application October s, 1045, Serial No. mass 22 cum. (on. m-u) This invention relates to the treatment of liquids, and more particularly to a method of and apparatus for treating under vacuum liquids such as sugar juices into which one or more reagents are to be introduced.

In the treatment of sugar juices resulting from the crushing of sugar cane, or the extraction by hot water from sliced or divided sugar beet pulp, the raw sugar juice is treated to change the juice from an acid to an alkaline condition, as by the addition of lime or milk of lime. Also, the limed juices are usually carbonated. as by the action of carbon dioxide gas, to precipitate gums and other non-sugars. Heretofore, the addition of lime to sugar juice and also the subsequent (or more often at least partially concurrent) carbonation of the juice has been carried out under atmospheric pressure, and substantially by hand control. It has been customary to add predetermined amounts of lime to weighed amounts or batches of juice, the amount of lime added to each batch being previously determined by chemical analysis in the laboratory. However, it is difllcuit to achieve a sufliciently intimate mixture of the lime and juice of a single batch so that the reactive efiects of the lime is distributed equally through the juice. Consequently, it has been customary to introduce successive batches of juice and lime from measuring tanks into a reaction tank, to continuously stir the juice and lime during passage through the tank, and to withdraw the treated juice from the opposite end of the tank. Carbon dioxide gas may be introduced into the tank as a first carbonation step, and the treated juice may then be passed into the second carbonation tower where carbon dioxide only is introduced. Due to the possible slight changes in the acidity or alkalinity of the juice, and also due to the difficulties involved in batches of unequal weight, it is diflicult, if not impossible, to control automatically the addition of lime and gas to the juice. Also, it has previously been thought impossible to introduce the lime while a vacuum is maintained on the juice, since it is difllcult to produce the desired mixing, and at the same time remove the treated juice from the treating tank without withdrawing also a greater or lesser amount of untreated juice.

Among the objects of this invention are to provide a method of treating liquids in which a non-gaseous and/or gaseous reagent is introduced and mixed with the liquid while under vacuum; to provide such a method in which the introduction of the non-gaseous reagent may be controlled automatically; to provide such a method by which lime may be added continuously to sugar juice and the amount of lime controlled in accordance with the pH of the treated juice; to provide such a method by which carbonation may be accomplished after the addition of lime and also under vacuum: to provide apparatus for carrying out the above method; to provide apparatus in which a non-gaseous reagent is efl'ectively introduced into a liquid under vacuum; to provide such apparatus in which there is a positive movement of liquid out of a vacuum zone; to provide such apparatus which includes a a tank; the interior of which may be maintained,

under vacuum; to provide such apparatus in which impetus for moving liquid away from the initial reaction zone, and impetus for distributing the reagent to the liquid, is obtained from the same source; to provide apparatus for treating sugar juice in which the juice may be introduced into a vacuum tank and controlled amounts of lime or milk of lime added thereto, and further treatment with a gaseous reagent such as carbon dioxide may be expeditiously accomplished: to provide such apparatus which is substantially automatic in operation, and requires relatively few moving parts; and to provide such apparatus which is dependable and economical in operation.

The above and other objects, and the novel features of this invention, will become apparent from the description which follows:

In accordance with this invention, a liquid is treated by establishing a vacuum zone, introducing a body of liquid to be treated into the vacuum zone, effecting a flow of liquid from the body downwardly along a peripherally extending path at least .a portion of which converges downwardly, establishing an agitation and mixing zone at the lower end of the path, discharging by centrifugal force a non-gaseous reagent at the upper end of the path, and eifecting a flow of liquid upwardly from the lower end of the agitation zone. If desired, an additional vacuum zone may be established into which the liquid overflows and a gaseous reagent is introduced in such vacuum zone. Preferably, the amount of non-gaseous reagent is controlled in accordance with the condition in or discharge from the additional vacuum zone, or in accordance with the condition of incoming material, or both.

In the treatment of sugar juice, the nongaseous reagent preferably comprises lime, milk of lime, or a solution formed by treating a liquid carrying saccharate values with burned lime or CaO in a Steflens house or similar portion of the refinery, so as to reintroduce such saocharate values into the main sugar recovery circuit. The gaseous reagent preferably comprises carbon dioxide gas, and is introduced by being bubbled upwardly through a body of limed-iuice in an additional vacuum zone, preferably lower than the initial vacuum zone. The amount of lime added by centrifugal force is preferably controlled automatically in accordance with the acidity or pH value of the juice discharged from the terminal or second vacuum zone. Also, a preliminary amount of lime may be added a the body of juice in the upper or initial vacuum-mnaas'in the case of a particularly acid juice, and .the amount of preliminary lime so added is preferably controlled in accordance with the acidity or pH value of the juice as introduced initially.-

The advantages of introducing non-gaseous and gaseous reagents under vacuum are numerous. For instance, in the treatment of sugar Juice, the diffusion of the lime into the sugar juice 3 is more rapid and may be carried out at a lower temperature, which is generally true of thediffusion of non-gaseous reagents into a liquid to be treated. Also, the .flow' of gaseous reagent is more uniform and positive, and carbon dioxide,

for instance, withdrawn from'a lime kiln to treat sugar juice, will'flow more readily from the kiln so that the forced or induced draft in the kiln =may be reduced. A greater proportion of the gaseous'reagent is also available for the reaction with the liquid, since reacted portions of the liquid will not hold asmuch of the gas in solution,

Furthermore, particularly in the treatment of beet sugar solutions formed by water, a portion of the water vapor tends to pass off, thereby increasing the relative sugar content of the solution and reducing the amount of liquid to be treated subsequently.

Apparatus particularly adapted to carry out the above method may be'constructed as illustrated in the accompanying drawing, which is a diagrammatic elevation of a sugar juice limer and carbonator. p v

The apparatus illustrated in the drawing includes a tank T comprising a cylindrical shell 2 and top and bottomdiscs 3 and, respectively,

attached to shell 2 in asuitable manner, as by welding. Tank T is provided with a partition I dividing the tank into an upper vacuum compartment or zone 6 and a lower vacuum compartment or zone I, the vacuum preferably'being maintained by a suitable evacuator (not shown) connected with a vacuum connection. 8. A substantially tubular .or peripheral housing H, which extends vertically through the partition 5, pro,- vides communication ,between the upper and lower compartments, and preferably consists of an upper cylindrical section 3. an intermediate frustro-conical section Ill, which converges downwardly, and a lower cylindrical section ll of reduced cross-sectional area, i. e., having a lesser cross-sectional area than the upper section 0. Liquid, such as raw sugar juice, may be introducedinto the upper vacuum zone 6 through an inlet l2 and fed to a body 13 of juice I by a coil ll having spaced holes or apertures for distributing the liquid equally around the space between section 9 of housing H and the wall of tank T. The liquid of body l3 overflows an adjustable lip ii of the upper housing section, and flows downwardly in a thin film along the ,II, preferably having turbine typeblades and ati .tached for rotation to a vertical shaft to which disc I. is also attached. As will be evident, the

eral shape provides suilicient surface to accommodate the film. Housing H is, of course, preferably tubular so that any transverse section will be a circle, but any other suitable shape may be utilized, such aselliptical, polygonal, semi-circular, or otherwise less than a complete enclosed figure.v Thus, as used herein, the, term peripheral'fhas perhaps slightly more its anatomical 'rather than geometrical meaning, 1. e., distant from the center, and is intended to include any surface which provides a relatively large area down which a film may flow. 1

housing is preferably open, but a bottom plate inside of housing H. Lime is introduced into the fllm of liquid, preferably by centrifugal force imparted by a rotating disc l8 supplied by'a feed pipe II. The downwardly converging section III V of the housing collects .the juice and delivers the same to a body I! maintained in the lower sec 23 thereof is spaced from the lower end of housing H, and also preferably spaced from bottom disc 3 of tank T. Juice passing into the lower vacuum zone 1 from housing H forms a body 24, which may be treated by a gaseous reagent, such as carbon dioxide gas, to precipitate gums and other non-sugars. 'Forthis purpose, the

bottom plate 23 of housing H' preferably extends radially beyond cylinder 22, and such extendingportion is provided with a plurality of holes or apertures 25, through which carbon dioxide is bubbled up through the liquid in the lower vacuum zone. To provide a gas chamber 26, a ring 21 may be attached, as by welding, to the bottom plate 23 of housing H and also to bottom disc 4 of tank T, while gas may be supplied to chamber 26 through a, pipe 28. Also, if desired, the body of juice in the lower compartment may be heated by coils 29, to which a suitable heating medium, such as steam, may be supplied through an inlet 30 and condensate discharged through an outlet 3|.

The treated juice is discharged from the tank through an outlet pipe 32, which is connected to the lower vacuum zone 1 by a normal level discharge pipe 33, by a gas or vapor pressure equalizing connection 34 above the normal level of liquid in vacuum zone 1, and by an auxiliary discharge pipe 35. Flow through the auxiliary discharge pipe is controlled by a valve 36 operable by a remote controlled motor 31, and such pipe is utilized principally when a portion of the treated liquid is recirculated to the gaseous treatment or lower vacuum zone I, as by suitable pumps (not shown) connected to a recirculation I inlet 38 on the opposite side of the tank from ance unit 40 adapted to measure the pH value of the treated sugar juice.

The electrical resistance unit 40 is connected by wiring ll with a Wheatstone bridge type of pH meter 42, in turn connected by wiring 43 with an electronic cell motor control 44 for regulating the amount of lime introduced into the raw Juice. In addition, outlet pipe I! may be provided witha thermostatic element ll connected by wiring 48 with an automatically controlled valve 81 in steam inlet It for controlling the amount of steam supplied coils 28 in accordance with the temperature of the treated Juice.

Normally, the level of liquid in the lower vacuum zone is maintained Just above normal discharge pipe 88, and a vacuum will always exist in the outlet pipe so that the reading of vacuum gage 38 will indicate the degree of vacuum in the lower zone I. Also, the outlet pipe may lead to a suitable vacuum seal, and/or a pump or the like for delivering the treated Juice to the next step in the treatment, such as a filter wherein the precipitated .gums and other nonsugars may be removed. However, particularly when carbonating sugar Juice containing an abnormal amount of gums and/or other non-sugars, it may prove desirable to recirculate a portion of the treated liquid so as to insure more complete carbonation, as from pipe 82 to'recirculation inlet 88. When so recirculating, it will usually be found desirable to provide additional discharge through pipe 88 by opening valve 86, and controlling the amount of Juice flowing through pipe 88 in accordance with the amount of Juice returned to recirculation inlet 38. When recirculating, a separate pump may be connected with outlet pipe I! or -the seal therefor, or a portion of the discharge from the regular pump returned to the recirculation inlet 38. It will be understood, of course, that the vertical position.

of recirculation inlet 88 may be varied, and that it is preferably, but not necessarily, on the opposite side of the tank from the discharge pipes leading to outlet pipe 32.

As indicated previously, sugar juice flows in a thin film down the upper cylindrical portion of the housing H and lime is discharged centrifugally from disc I 8, which is rotated at any suitable speed, the lime being fed thereon by pipe I! which terminates at a point just above the disc, and as near the center thereof so that the lime will be deposited on a slower moving portion of the disc. In the treatment of sugar juice, milk of lime, rather than dry lime, is preferably utilized, the milk of lime thus being a liquid reagent which is thrown ofl the disc and dispersed widely about the circumference of the housin H. An intimate contact between the milk of lime and raw juice is thereby obtained, so that the change from acid to alkaline condition is substantially uniform throughout the body of assess-r s 6 e in alignment. Thus, the lower end of the shaft may be free, as shown. but a bearing may be provided, if desired, at the lower end of the shaft. The vertical distance between the impellers I8 is preferably such that there is suiiicient space between the upper and lower impellers to provide some mixing between the impellers, but in gen; eral the upper impeller pushes the liquid down to the lower impeller and the lower impeller pushes the liquid out of housing H and up through housing H'. Also, only one impeller may be found sufllcientin certain instances, but two impellers, as shown, will generally be found more satisfactory, although additional impellers may be utilized, if desired.

For controlling the rate of feed of line through pipe H from a lime inlet 5i, any suitable feed regulation device may be utilized, but it is preferred to utilize a feed device which may be controlled in accordance with a condition of the discharged liquid, such as the pH value. A suitable device for this purpose is a proportioner step valve 52 driven by a variable'speed motor 53, since the speed of motor 88 may be determined through electronic cell motor control 44, con nected thereto by wiring 84. Since motor control 44 is, in turn, controlled by pH meter 42,

in turn responsive toresistance unit 40, and the, amount of lime supplied by the step valve will vary in accordance with the speed of the motor,

- the amount of lime discharged onto disc It will 'vary in accordance with the pH value of the sugar Juice discharged from the lower compartment. Such control is effective whether carbonation is being carried out or not, since if there is any tendency for CO: gas not used in precipitating gums and the like to lessen the alkalinity of the sugar juice, the proportioning valve will merely cause more lime to be fed into the Juice,

juice, particularly when the foregoing introducmotive power for rotating the impellers l8, so 05,

that impetus for removing liquid from the vacuum zone and for introducing'anon-gaseous reagent into the liquid is derived from the same source.

In general, any ype of impeller may be uti- 70.

lized, but the turbine type is preferable because the preferred speed of rotation thereof more nearly coincides with the suitable speeds for disc i8 and also because of the equalized radial thrust and consequent tendency to maintain shaft 28 thereby overcoming the acidifying effect of excess CO: gas, and maintaining the condition of the treated juice at a desired value. Also, when the juice is not being carbonated, the valve and control device will act in the same way to maintain the pH value of the treated juice.

In some instances, it may be found desirable to introduce a portion of the lime into liquid body It in the upper compartment, as through a lime discharge pipe 55, which may be supplied from a lime inlet 56 through an additional proportloner valve 51. Valve 81 may be driven by a variable speed motor 58, the speed of which is controlled in accordance with the pH value of the incoming or raw juice, in substantially the same manner as before. Thus, an electrical resistance unit 68 in raw juice inlet I! may be connected with a second pH 'meter 42 by wiring 68, the pH meter 42 being connected with a second electronic cell motor control unit and motor I8 by wiring 6|. The addition of lime into the body of liquid in the vacuum zone may be desirable when a relatively acid juice is to be treated,

or when intensive carbonation is carried out, such as due to a relatively large amount of impurities to be precipitated.

To recapitulate, in general, the sugar juice is introduced into upper compartment 8 and flows downwardly in a thin film along the interior surface of housing H, the lime there being introduced. The juice collects in the lower cylindrical section of the housing, the level of juice normally being maintained within the converging or intermediate section of the housing.

From the lower section of the housing, the juice is further mixed and also pumped through the 7 space between the housing H and the second housing H and into lower compartment 1. In the low er compartment, the juice may be carbonated, if desired, and the treated juice is then discharged through outlet pipe 32.

The combination of the lime introduction at the top of the housing with the establishment of an agitation and mixing zone in the lower section of the housing. of reduced cross-sectional area, is an important feature of this invention, since the successful introduction of lime into sugare Juice in a vacuum tank is thereby accomplished. Also, the second housing H, in combination with the heating coils 2., produces a circulation within the lower compartment which assists materially in rendering more effective the carbonation step. Furthermore, the passage of mixed lime and juice downwardly through the agitation zone, and the forcing thereof into the bottom of the second housing H, and then upwardly, insures a thorough mixing of the lime and juice, thus increasing the uniformity of liming or defecation.

By utilizing the process and apparatus herein described, a substantial reduction in the amount of calcium oxide required to treat a given quan-' tity of sugar beets will be obtained. The actual I reduction will vary somewhat from plant to plant.

In general, however, operators of sugar beet plants calculate their calcium oxide requirements as 1 /22 /2% of the weight of the beets to be treated. By comparison, the same Juice when treated by my process and apparatus actually requires only about of 1% calcium oxide based on the weight of the beets treated. Obviously, therefore, a substantial savings in the cost of reagent is realized.

Although this invention has been described in connection with the treatment of sugar juice with or without carbonation, it will be understood that the method and apparatus of this invention are applicable to the treatment of other liquids, such as the introduction of a conditioning agent into ore pulp, or other treatments wherein a nongaseous reagent is introduced into the liquid under vacuum, and is to be mixed thoroughly therewith. Also, the method and apparatus of this invention are useful in other treatments wherein further treatment by a gaseous reagent is desired.

It will be understood, of course, that various changes may be made in the method and apparatus of this invention. For instance, the amount ing upper and lower-compartments; means for of non-gaseous reagent introduced may be controlled in accordance with another condition of the treated liquid, such as the density or specific gravity; different types of impellers may be utilized; and the construction and arrangement of parts may differ from those illustrated. It will be further understood that other changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of this invention.

What is claimed is:

1. In vacuum apparatus for treating liquids. a tank; a vacuum connection for maintaining a vacuum in said tank; a partition in said tank providing upper and lower compartments; a housing extending through said partition and having a central section of downwardly decreasing cross-sectional area, said housing providing a substantiaily vertical passage leading from the upper compartment to the lower compartment; a reagent distributor in the upper section of said 7 passage; and an agitating impeller in the lower section of said passage.

2. In vacuum apparatus for treating liquids, a tank; a vacuum connection for maintaining a vacuum in said tank ;-a partition in said tank providing upper and lower compartments; a housing having a circular upper section and a lower section extending above said partition and a lower section of reduced cross-sectional area, said housing providing a vertical passage leading from the upper compartment to the lower compartment; a rotating disc providing a centrifugal reagent distributor in the upper section of said housing; means for supplying reagent to said disc; and an agitating impeller in the lower-section of said housing for moving liquid downwardly in said passage.

3. In vacuum apparatus for treating sugar Juice, a tank; a connection for maintaining a vacuum in said tank; a partition in said tank providing upper and lower compartments; a housing extending through said partition and having a central portion of downwardly decreasing cross-sectional area, saidhousing providing a substantially vertical passage leading from the upper compartment to the lower compartment; a reagent distributor in the upper section of said housing; an agitating impeller in the lower section of said housing; a feed device for supply-' ing lime to said reagent feeder; and control means for said feed device'responsive to the pH value of treated juice discharged from said lower compartment.

4. In vacuum apparatus for treating liquids. a tank; a connection for maintaining a vacuum in said tank; a partition in said tank providing upper and lower compartments; a housing extending through said partition and having a lower section of reduced cross-sectional area, said housing providing a. substantially vertical passage leading from the upper compartment to the lower compartment; a reagent distributor in the upper section of said housing; an adjustable lip on said housing for regulating overflow of liquid from said upper compartment into said passage; means for supplying reagent to said reagent distributor; additional means for supplying reagent to the space between said housing and the inner wall of said tank; and an agitating impeller in the lower section of said housing for moving liquid downwardly therein.

5. Apparatus for treating liquids, comprising a tank; a connection for maintaining a vacuum in said tank, a partition in said closed tank providsupplying liquid to be treated to said upper compartment; means for removing treated liquid from said lower compartment, an upright tubular housing open at each end and extending through said partition, said housing having an upper cylindrical section extending into said upper compartment, an intermediate section converging downwardly, and a lower cylindrical section of reduced diameter extending to the lower portion of said lower compartment; a vertical drive shaft extending centrally through said housing; a centrifugal distributor disc attached to said shaft in the upper section of said housing; a non-gaseous reagent discharge pipe terminating above said distributor disc for supplying such reagent to said disc; an agitating impeller attached to said shaft within the lower section of said housing; and a second housing surrounding in spaced relation at least the lower section of said first housing, said second housing having an open upper end and a closed lower end spaced below the lower end of said first housing.

6. Apparatus for treating liquids comprising a being provided with a plurality of apertures; tank; a connection for maintaining a vacuum in means connecting the outer edges or the lower said tank, a partition in said closed tank providend of said second housing with said tank to form ing upper and lower compartments; means for 1 a gas chamber; means for supplying gaseous carsupplying liquid to be treated to said upper com- 5 hon dioxide to said chamber, for carbonating partnient; means for removing treated liquid liquid passing into said lower compartment from from said lower compartment, an upright tubular said second housing; means for circulating juice housing open at each end and extending through from one portion of said lower compartment exsaid partition, said housing having an upper ternally 01' said tank to another portion of said cylindrical section extending-into said upper comlowe compartment; heating coils in said lower partlnent, an intermediate section converging compartment; a valve for steam. admitted to said downwardly, and a lower cylindrical section or heating coils; and control means for said valve reduced diameter extending to the lower portion responsive to the'temperature or Juice discharged 01' said lower compartment; a vertical drive shaft from said lower compartment.

extending centrally through said housing; a cen- 8. A method ior treating sugar Juices and the trifugal distributor discattachedto said shaft in like which comprises the steps of spreading the the upper section or said housing; a non-gaseous Juice into a thin hollow flowing stream in a zone reagent discharge pipe terminating above said maintained at a subatmospheric pressure, forcdistributor disc for supplying such reagent to said ing an alkaline reagent containing liquid in finely disc; an agitating impeller attached to said shaft divided condition across a space within said zone within the lower section of said housing; a second into the flowing stream, and pumping the result-' housing surrounding in spaced relation at least ins mixture from said zone.

the lower section of said first housing, said second 9. A method for treating sugar Juices and the housing having an open upper end and a closed like which c mp s the s ep f s bli in a lower end'spaoed from the lower end oi said first zone of susta ed subat sphe c p ssure. flowhousing, and also from the bottom of said tank; s he Juice to be treated into the zone, dividing partition means cooperating with the closed lower the juice into a h n h ll w s a in ro c n 8- end oi said second housing to form a gas receivfl d p s n of e n the o e. forcing the ing chamber, said partition means extending outsuspension in nelydivided form across a space wardly from said second housing and being pro- Within the e into the flowing Juice eam, 1-

vided with apertures for introducing a gaseous lecting the resultant mixture into a solid stream reagent into the liquid in said lower compart-' and pumping the solid stream from said zone. ment; and means for supplying such gaseous re- 10. A method for treating sugar 1111088 and the agent t t gas receiving b like which comprises the steps of establishing a 7. Apparatus for treating sugar juice, compris- Zone of sustainedsubatmcsphenc p e ure. caning a tank; a connection for maintaining a vactlmleusly ducing the j i e to be treated into uum in said tank, a partltion dividing m closed said zone, flowing the juice downwardly in a thin t k i t upper and lower compartments; a hollow stream within the zone, introducing a fluid tical tubular housing open at each end and exr n lime into the zone Point Within tending through said partition, said housing hav- 40 said hollow stream, throwing the fluid suspension ing an upper cylindrical section extendmg in finely divided form across a space into the holgaid upper compartment an i t dj t low stream 01' Juice by centrifugal force, collectverted irustro-conical section, and a lower cylinthe resultant mixture and continuously 81- drical section of reduced diameter extending to mine n P ping said mixture from said zone. the lower portion of said lower compartment; a A method for treaties susar juices and the shaft extending through the top of said tank and like which mprises the steps of establishing centrally through said housing; drive means for zone of sustained subatmilspherlc Dre881lre,lntmsaid shalt mounted atop said tank; a centrifugal ducmfl ime J ce to be treated into saidzone, (lldistributor disc attached to said shaft in the vldins the Juice into a hin hollop stream conupper cylindrical section of said housing; a lime to s s do w rdly into a so id am, co v ydischarge ipe terminating above said distributor s alkaline reagent into said zone to a point fo supplying lime to said disc; 8' of tar within the hollow stream, 0mg reagent in m type impellers attached t said shaft within finely divided form from said point across a space the lower section or said housing; means for suplnte the hollow juice m. i in the sultplying sugar juice to said upper compartment; 65 1118 mixture after the formation of said solid means for removing treated juice from said lower e i Pumping the agitated mixture from said compartment; an adjustable weir for regulating zone and q n y r in he mixture with the overflow of juice from said upper compart- 8 sment into said housing; a feed device for supply- 12. The process of claim 11 wherein the reagent ing lime to said lime discharge pipe; control sp s n o ydrated lime and water and means for said feed device responsive to the pH the 8 incl s c rbon dioxide.

value 01' treated juice discharged from said lower 1 The process for removing nitrogenous imcompartment; a lime discharge ipe terminating p it from aw 8 Juice and h like which in the juice in the upper compartment; a second includes the steps of creatinga zone of subatmosfeed deviceior supplying lime to said pipe; conpheric pressure, forming a thin stream of flowing trol means for said second feed device responsive juice within said zone and introducing an alkaline to the pH value of Juice of said upper compartcalcium compound in a dispersed state into the ment; a second housing surrounding in spaced hin st e m of jui e to p ipitate the nit nrelation the lower section of said first housing, ous compounds.

said second housing having an open upper end 14. The process for removing nitrogenous imand a closed lower end spaced from the lower end purities from raw sugar juice which includes the of said first housing, and also from the bottom of steps oi creating a zone of subatmospheric pressaid tank, the lower end of said second housing sure, forming a thin flowing stream of juice withextending outwardly from the remainder of said in said zone, introducing a spray oi an alkaline housing and such outwardly extending portion 7 reagent into the stream of juice, and varying the amount of reagent introduced into the stream in inverse ratio to the pH value of the juice.

15. Apparatus for treating sugar Juice and the like comprising 'a sealed container having a juice inlet and a juice outlet, means for maintaining a subatmospheric pressure within the container, a centrally disposed, generally vertical housing within the container having side walls and a bottom outlet, means for flowing Juice downward within the housing along the side walls in a thin hollow stream, a reagent distributor within the housing spaced from the stream, means including an opening in the sealed container for conveying reagent to the reagent distributor and agitating means within'the container for further mixing the reagent with the Juice;

16. Apparatus for treating sugar juice and th like comprising a sealed container having a juice inlet and a juice outlet, means for maintaining a 1 subatmosphericpressure within the container, a

centrally disposed housing within the container having an open top, side walls and a depending sure in the housing, a reagent distributor disneck, means for flowing juice overthe upper rim of the housing downwardly along the side walls in a thin hollow stream, a rotatable reagent distributor within the housing spaced from the stream,

means including an opening in the sealed container for conveying reagent to the'reagent distrlbutor and agitating means rotatably disposed a depending neck, means for flowing juice downwardly within the housing along the side .walls in a thin hollow stream, a rotatable member disposed within the housing and spaced from the side walls, means for conveying a quantity of reagent to the rotatable member for delivery in a dispersed condition to the hollow stream by centrifugal force and an impeller in the neck coupled to the rotatable member for forcing Juice downwardly from said housing. v

18. Apparatus for treating sugar juice andthe like comprising a" housing having side walls, a conduit sealed to the lower portion of the housing, means for flowing Juice in a thin hollow stream downwardly along the side walls into the conduit,

means for maintaining a subatmospheric pres- 95 posed within the container having side walls and Number posed within the housing spaced from the side walls for forcibly throwing reagent into the thin hollow stream of Juice; and pumping means for drawing treated juice downwardly through the conduit. Y .r

19; The method for treating sugar juices and the like which includes the steps of flowing untreated juice into a zone of subatmospheric pressure, mechanically agitating the juice while in the zone and simultaneously adding a. liquid reagent containing calcium hydroxide to the Juice while maintaining said subatmospheric. pressure.

7 20. The method for treating sugar juices and the like. which includes the steps of flowing the juice to be treated into a zone, maintaining said zone at a subatmospheric pressure, passing the juice through a housing within the zone, adding a liquid reagent containing calcium hydroxide to the Juice while passing through the housing,

violently agitating the resultant mixture within the housing and dischargingthe mixture after agitation from said zone.

- 21. The, process described in claim.20 wherein the flow of juice through said zone is continuous. 22. The process for treatingrraw sugar juice and the like which includes the steps of flowing the juice to be treated through a zone maintained at a subatmospheric pressure, forcing the Juice I REFERENCES crrsn The following references are'of record in the file of this patent: .4

UNITED STATES PATENTS Name Date 924,592 Steynis. June 8, 1909 1,573,733 Morse Feb. 16, 1926 1,941,461 Bull Jan. 2, 1934 1,956,741 Homsberger May 1, 1934 2,016,609 Meredith Oct. 8, 1935 2,042,724 Meredith; June 2, 1936 2,236,419 Benning Mar. 25, 1941 2,336,199 Swan Dec. 7, 1943 McBride Aug. 6, 1946 

